R E N A I S S A N C E N E W S L E T T E R Issue Number 330 April 11, 2008 _______________________________________________________________________________ GM: Constantine Xanthos, 7080 NW 75th Street, Pompano Beach, Florida 33067 WEB SITE: cx.rensim.org PHONE: (954) 753-8002 EMAIL: cjxren@yahoo.com _______________________________________________________________________________ JULY ORDERS - Orders for July 1520 are due in my hands by May 2, 2008. WEB SITE - I have established a web site at cx.rensim.org. My intention is to use it to make available up-to-date copies of the rules and code sheet, the latest issues of the Newsletter, and player publications sent me by email. PAYPAL - If you wish to pay your fees by credit card, you may now do so through Paypal. You may also use my Paypal account to pay by check, or by transfer from another Paypal account. The email address to use for my account is cxren@lycos.com. Paypal's address is WWW.PAYPAL.COM. NEW PLAYERSHIPS - MAJID: David Weseman, 1725 S. 94 St., Omaha NEB 68124 TORQUEMADA: Vera Newton, 3800 Pecanwood Way, Louisville KY 40299 DAMASCUS: Joe Cobb, 11002 W. Clover Way, Avondale AZ 85323 KELLWANTON: Damon Graham, 1901 Peony Drive, Louisville KY 40211 SIEGES FOR JULY - none JUNE EVENTS - Outside Erfurt, troopless Frederick d'Egmond, Baronet of Ysel- stein, and troopless Edwin Neidenburg were attacked and killed by Florensz Dedel with (M=639) 1,960 auxiliaries. 404,387 ducats and 1,006 horses were taken from the first victim, and 235,240 ducats from the second. In a field battle fought outside of Suceava, Feodor Iakovskii, Bishop of Adrianople, and his (M=577) 3,958 auxiliaries were attacked and defeated by Fritz Szekely, Magistrate of Waitzen, with (M=999) 7,852 arquebusiers, 6,392 pikemen and 1,946 archers. 2,579,109 ducats were captured. The Bishop was not killed. Inside Ribe, assetless Herman Flensburg was attacked and killed by Tycho Gadh, Magistrate of Ribe, with (M=999) 21 crew. During the absence of Flavianus Occu, the town's last DFC, control of Lille was taken by Desiderius Erasmus through unopposed urban battle orders issued to his (M=979) 182 crew. Outside Frankfurt, assetless Adnan Tumi was attacked and killed by Viscount Hans Wettin with (M=665) 3,110 light cavalry and 6,890 auxiliaries. Inside KutnaHora, the undefended Bishop's tower (FAS=1) was captured by assault by Albrecht Podebrad, Prince of Glatz, with (M=943) 1,022 auxiliaries. While Hedwig and Frederyk Jagellon looked on from their towers, de facto control of garrisonless Cracow was taken by Jan Amor Tarnowski, Duke of Belz, through unopposed urban battle orders issued to his (M=717) 100,999 auxil- iaries, 11,468 arquebusiers, 22,937 pikemen, 22,937 archers, 7,645 heavy cavalry and 238 crew. Outside Reykjavik, assetless Baronet Gonzalo de Cordoba was attacked and killed by Alexander Lindsay, Magistrate of Reykjavik, with (M=999) 500 auxiliaries. In an urban battle fought inside of Woolwich, the tenant's garrison of 15 troops (LOY=740) was attacked and killed by Mary Stuart with (M=928) 5,000 auxiliaries. Mary acquired de facto control of the town. Egil Jonsson, Magistrate of Chanchan, acquired de facto control of Pacha- camac by defeating in urban battle its 1,250-man garrison (LOY=171) with his 2,863 auxiliaries (M=612). The town of Ranpur (FAS=317, FAR=0), which was defended by 19 garrison troops (LOY=610), was captured by assault by Mahmud Begara Muzafarid, Sultan of Gujarat, with (M=439) 8,348 auxiliaries, 645 pikemen, 3,068 archers and 500 heavy cavalry. At Huy, the undefended Grunewald family tower (FAS=1) was captured by assault by Michele Burlamacchi, Magistrate of Como, with (M=681) 1,385 crew. At Mayapan, the undefended Sutton family tower (FAS=5) was captured by assault by Huil Tlitolotl, Magistrate of Mayapan, with (M=996) 5,000 pikemen, 19,996 auxiliaries and 15,000 archers. At Charleston, the undefended Totonac family tower (FAS=1) was captured by Cuatli Tlacua, Magistrate of Charleston, with (M=996) 1,426 auxiliaries and 22,642 crew. The undefended town of Tayasal (FAS=200, FAR=0) was captured by assault by Tochtli Opochtlili with (M=610) 14,978 auxiliaries and 2,832 crew. The town of ElCedral (FAS=408, FAR=45), which was defended by its Magi- strate, Jacques d'Alencon, with (M=985) 1,112 auxiliaries, 10 arquebusiers and 1 crew, was captured by assault by Xolotl Cochotl, Magistrate of Chetumul, with (M=786) 28,390 auxiliaries, 7,005 arquebusiers, 380 pikemen, 30,936 archers and 278 crew. Jacques was killed. 449 tobacco, 20,971 cocoa, 600 cotton and 4,338 brazilwood were taken from him. At Brussels, the Bellaart family tower (FAS=21), which was defended by two tower garrison troops, was captured by assault by Gaspard Talaru, Magistrate of Brussels, with (M=653) 22,000 auxiliaries. At PiedrasNegras, the Trastamara family tower (FAS=23), which was defended by two tower garrison troops, was captured by assault by Ahuitzotl, Huetlatoani of Tenochca, with (M=308) 295 auxiliaries. At Paalmul, the Herbert family tower (FAS=21), which was defended by two tower garrison troops, was captured by assault by Ozomatli Coxcox, Magistrate of Paalmul, with (M=999) 39,995 auxiliaries. At Manhattan, the Scrope family tower (FAS=20), which was defended by two tower garrison troops, was captured by assault by Saotl Jaotl, Magistrate of Manhattan, with (M=952) 3,000 auxiliaries and 3,536 crew. At Schwaz, the Duren family tower (FAS=12), which was defended by one tower garrison troop, was captured by assault by Alfonso Petrucci, Bishop of Brixen, with (M=990) 5,920 auxiliaries. At Piacenza, the Sanseverino family tower (FAS=25), which was defended by two tower garrison troops, was captured by assault by Gentile Baglioni, Bishop of Viterbo, with (M=995) 19,929 auxiliaries. In an urban battle fought inside of LaRochelle, the town's 500-man gar- rison (LOY=999), was attacked and defeated by Mathieu Descharges, Magistrate of Lagos, with (M=978) 2,400 auxiliaries and 6,000 archers. At Tabor, the undefended bishop's tower (FAS=1) was captured by assault by Bourian Lipa, Markgraf of Lipa, with (M=896) 1,034 auxiliaries and 66 arque- busiers. In an urban battle fought inside of Juvaym, the town's 15-man garrison (LOY=740) was attacked and killed by Omar Tulanbi, Emir of Arrajan, with (M=531) 1,976 auxiliaries, 300 arquebusiers, 3,292 pikemen and 3,210 archers. The Emir acquired control of the location. The town of Lenkoran (FAS=400, FAR=0), which was defended by its 30-man garrison (LOY=660), was captured by assault by Ahmed Arkiko, Emir of Maragha, with (M=955) 4,356 auxiliaries and 3,000 archers. At Foggia, the Potocki family tower (FAS=19), which was defended by one tower garrison troop, was captured by assault by Bruno Piccolomini, Magistrate of Foggia, with (M=978) 1,710 auxiliaries, 15,000 archers and 10,000 heavy cavalry. At Stolp, the bishop's tower (FAS=200), which was defended by 20 tower garrison troops, was captured by assault by Havel Jicin, a knight, with (M=935) 625 auxiliaries. Coxolotli QUILTOTOTL shortened the road from treszapotes to xicalango to 211 mi. Adrian DEDEL wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Florensz DEDEL wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. William DEDEL wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Christopher HUNYADI was appointed to the magistracy of Reval. Tycho GADH was appointed to the magistracy of Ribe. Eric GADH wrote a diatribe against Albrecht GRUNEWALD. Knut GADH wrote a diatribe against Albrecht GRUNEWALD. Desiderius ERASMUS wrote a diatribe against Albrecht GRUNEWALD. Jacob ERASMUS wrote a diatribe against Albrecht GRUNEWALD. Maurice ERASMUS wrote a diatribe against Albrecht GRUNEWALD. Per ERASMUS wrote a diatribe against Albrecht GRUNEWALD. Rogerius ERASMUS wrote a diatribe against Albrecht GRUNEWALD. Henry PODEBRAD wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Jens BROSTRUP was appointed to the magistracy of KONIGGRATZ. Albrecht PODEBRAD wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Hynek PODEBRAD wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Paul BROSTRUP wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Horst BROSTRUP wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Richard WIMSEY wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Roger WIMSEY wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Henry WIMSEY wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Gervase WIMSEY wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. John LENE wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Edward LENE wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Henry LENE wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Richard LENE wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Thomas LENE wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Edward VERE wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. John VERE wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Richard GUILDFORD wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Laurence ELPHINSTONE wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. William ELPHINSTONE wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Turlough O'BRIEN wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. James IV STEWART wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. John STEWART wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Mary TUDOR wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. John HUNTER was appointed to the magistracy of Southampton. Jean BUDE wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Guillaume BUDE wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Louis BUDE wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Jeannot BUDE wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Charles BUDE wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. George TALBOT wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Katherine TALBOT wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Thomas WOLSEY wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. ThomasWynter WOLSEY wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Dorothy WOLSEY wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Joan WOLSEY wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Sir Andrew WOOD wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Laurence NEVILLE wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Ralph NEVILLE wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Thomas NEVILLE wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Walter BUCHANAN wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Robert BUCHANAN wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Douglas BUCHANAN wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Andrew BUCHANAN wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. William III KEITH wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Robert KEITH wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Donald FLETCHER wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Aaron FLETCHER wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. David FLETCHER wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Hugh FRASER wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. John FRASER wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Buffo BULOW wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Dietrich BULOW wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Hartwig BULOW wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Magdalena BULOW wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. William SHEVES wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Andrew HAY wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Lord James HAMILTON wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. James HAMILTON planted 100 colonists at Philadelphia. David LINDSAY wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Guillaume MALET wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Jerome MALET wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Alexander LIVINGSTONE closed the market at Helsingborg. Agnes LIVINGSTONE wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Stephan SALAZAR wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Pierre SALAZAR closed the market at Verdun. Jean ILLIERS wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Rene ILLIERS wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Robert MACKAY wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Gavin DOUGLAS wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Gaute IVARSSON wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Stefan JONSSON wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Maurice FITZGERALD wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Anne BUTLER wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Edmund BUTLER wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Piers BUTLER wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Donogh McCARTHY wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Owen McCARTHY wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Walter FITZSIMONS wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. John O'DONNELL wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Albrecht DURER wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Ernst DURER wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Hans DURER wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Heinrich DURER wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Archibald CAMPBELL wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Abraham CAMPBELL wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Colin CAMPBELL wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Donald CAMPBELL wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. John ofLundy CAMPBELL wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Robert KER wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Timothy KER wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. John CUNNINGHAM wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Edward STOREY wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Stephen STOREY wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Thomas STOREY wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Martin STOREY wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Anne PAVY wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Hugh PAVY wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Owen PAVY wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Richard PAVY wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Ali BIHZAD was appointed to the magistracy of KANDAHAR. Peppin LECYVRIER wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. AnnedeFrance BOURBON wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Francois BOURBON wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Louis BOURBON wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Pierre BOURBON wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Emil RICAUT wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Jean RICAUT wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Jacques BEAUNE wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Martin BEAUNE wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Guillaume CAPPEL wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Charles VIII VALOIS wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Andre CAPPEL was appointed to the magistracy of Poitiers. Jean ROHAN was appointed to the magistracy of Honfleur. Philippe AUSSONVILIER wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Johann LAMARCK wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Jean LAMARCK wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Robert III LAMARCK wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. William LAMARCK wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Rostaing ANCEZUNE wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Aymar ANCEZUNE wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Andre ANCEZUNE wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Baudoin DESCHARGES produced a work of art critical of Jean EGMOND. Pierre PEYRAT wrote a diatribe against Jean EGMOND. Zygmunt CSEH wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Istvan CSEH wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Peter CSEH wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Stephen BATHORY wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Andreas BATHORY wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Sigismund BATHORY wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Nicholas BATHORY wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Sigismund WATZELRODE wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Barbara WATZELRODE wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Lucas WATZELRODE wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Wladislaw WATZELRODE wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Nicholas C. WATZELRODE wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Stefan BUDWEIS wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Bozena BUDWEIS wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Coloman FILIPECZ wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Gyula FILIPECZ wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Ignaz FILIPECZ wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Geza FILIPECZ wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. John FILIPECZ wrote a diatribe against Ernst BEVISKI. Korkmas MAAN opened the market at Latakia. Conrad III PIAST was appointed to the magistracy of Warsaw. Desiderius ERASMUS was appointed to the magistracy of Lille. Ferrante GONZAGA was appointed to the magistracy of Alessandria. Tlitolotl TLITOLOTL was appointed to the magistracy of Tacuba. Moxatli COCHOTL was appointed to the magistracy of Colon. Citli COCHOTL planted 100 colonists at Truxillo. Saotl JAOTL was appointed to the magistracy of Manhattan. Emiliano Munoz planted 50 colonists at Belize. Pio AZAMBUJA planted 100 colonists at CapeBroyle. Ippolito ESTE was appointed to the magistracy of REGGIOEMILIA. Fernando NORONHA shortened the road from VALENCIA to Valladolid to 240 miles. Mahmud KHOSROWID opened the market at Trengganu. Mansur KHOSROWID opened the market at Tegal. Omar KHOSROWID opened the market at Japara. Adnan BANGGAI opened the market at Ternate. Basa DIPA opened the market at Pattani. Jogka DIPA opened the market at Gresik. Hussain GRESIK opened the market at Bantam. Rafael MENDOZA was appointed to the magistracy of Valladolid. Isabella TRASTAMARA shortened the road from VALENCIA to Valladolid to 232 miles. Giuliano SANGALLO was appointed to the magistracy of Murcia. Bayezid II OSMANLI shortened the road from Philippopolis to Constantinople Izmet YAKUBOGLU shortened the road from Adrianople to Iannina to 270 miles. Mamoun AFSHAR was appointed to the magistracy of Bushire. Malik Zafir TAHIRID shortened the road from Sana to ElAhkaf to 196 miles. Adnan MOKHA was appointed to the magistracy of Mokha. Abdalwahhab TAHIRID shortened the road from Deir to Anbar to 212 miles. Houari MONTAFIQ was appointed to the magistracy of Amol. Sadik Montafiq shortened the road from Iannina to ATHENS to 206 miles. Jacob RAHABI planted 100 colonists at Tangasseri. Judith TERDAEGOBAZ planted 100 colonists at ElArish. Guy AUBUSSON shortened the road from Ragusa to Serres to 237 miles. Girolamo PESARO shortened the road from nuremburg to Maribor to 281 miles. Vasco Gil SODRE shortened the road from breslau to Maribor to 314 miles. Izabel SODRE shortened the road from rumelihissar to philippopolis to 189 miles. Hans SEUSENHOFER shortened the road from cairo to Qus to 283 miles. Wilhelm SEUSENHOFER shortened the road from augsburg to cologne to 240 mi. Antonio MISSAGLIA shortened the road from erzberg to nis to 357 miles. Bernardino MISSAGLIA shortened the road from brescia to dieppe to 258 mi. Cabrino MISSAGLIA shortened the road from tabriz to keban to 348 miles. Sebastiano MISSAGLIA shortened the road from brunswick to trier to 233 mi. Giovambattis BINI shortened the road from nuremburg to Maribor to 272 mi. Giovanfranco BINI shortened the road from breslau to Maribor to 305 miles. Giovanni BINI shortened the road from breslau to Casale to 569 miles. Leone VETRANO shortened the road from tabriz to keban to 339 miles. Gaetano VETRANO shortened the road from tabriz to keban to 330 miles. Leonardo VINCI shortened the road from Ragusa to Florence to 289 miles. Oliviero CARAFFA shortened the road from Naples to Otranto to 215 miles. Geraldo CORTEREAL wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Ursula CORTEREAL wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Fernao CORTEREAL wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Marino CORTEREAL wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Nicholas STYGGE wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Ulrich JICIN wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Chval JICIN wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Vacha JICIN wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Havel JICIN wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Albus JICIN wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. John LIPA wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Bourian LIPA wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Trtchka LIPA wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Viktor SCHWEIDNITZ wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Gustav SCHWEIDNITZ wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Herman SCHWEIDNITZ wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Wenzel SCHWEIDNITZ wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Stefan SCHWEIDNITZ wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Karolis DAUKSA wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Povilas DAUKSA wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Vladas DAUKSA wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Zigmunt DAUKSA wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Pavel DAUKSA wrote a diatribe against Stanislaw TARNOWSKI. Michelangelo BUONAROTTI shortened the road from Ragusa to Serres to 231 miles. Girard LEGIER shortened the road from Rosetta to Siwa to 288 miles. SOVEREIGNTY CHANGES - MIANWALI: Sultan of Multan to Emir of Hindustan ORTHEZ: King of France to King of Navarre LATAKIA: Sultan of the Mamelukes to Emir of Beirut TANGASSERI: Raja of Venad to Raja of Vijayanagar BUSHIRE: Sultan of White Sheep Turks to Emir of Fars HAIL: Sultan of Mamelukes to Emir of Riad KARS: Emir of Azerbaijan to Sultan of the Ottomans ASCALON: Sultan of Mamelukes to King of Falasha GERA: King of Pomerania to King of Saxony FEUDATORY CHANGES - PAU: King of France to King of Navarre